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20 May 2023, Volume 21 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression of Cdc42 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its influence on cell proliferation, migration and invasion MU Jia-ning, YUAN Wen-qing, LU Zhou, ZHAO Yang, WANG Qi-min, TONG Lei, CHEN Zheng-gang 2023, 21 (3):  209-217.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.001 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (1460KB) ( 60 )   PURPOSE: The study aimed to observe the expression of cell division cycle protein 42(Cdc42) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis, and explore the effect of silencing Cdc42 gene in vitro on proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of TSCC and its mechanism. METHODS: The expression of Cdc42 gene in TSCC and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, the correlation between the expression of Cdc42 and clinicopathological parameters of TSCC and its influence on prognosis were analyzed. Human TSCC CAL27 and SCC-4 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely Cdc42-siRNA group, negative control group and blank control group. Three small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting human Cdc42 gene sequence were designed and constructed, Cdc42-siRNA and NC-siRNA was transfected into Cdc42-siRNA group and negative control group by liposome-mediated transfection, while the blank control group only added transfection reagent. Expression of Cdc42 mRNA and protein was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and the Cdc42-siRNA transfection group with the best silencing effect was used as the follow-up experimental group. The expression of EMT and MAPK JNK/p38 pathway-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The proliferation, migration and invasion ability of cells in vitro were tested by CCK-8, wound healing test and Transwell invasion test. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of Cdc42 was 70.5%(31/44) in 44 patients with TSCC, and 38.6%(17/44) in adjacent tissues, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The expression of Cdc42 was related to cervical lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and depth of invasion(P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis of TSCC patients with positive expression of Cdc42 was not significantly different from those with negative expression(P>0.05). In vitro experiments, in Cdc42-siRNA group, the expression of Cdc42 mRNA and protein decreased significantly(P<0.05), the relative expression of EMT-related protein mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the relative expression of MMP-9 decreased significantly(P<0.05); however, the relative expression of E-cadherin was increased significantly(P<0.05). The relative expression levels of p38-MAPK and JNK proteins related to MAPK JNK/p38 pathway had no significant difference(P>0.05), but the expression levels of p-p38-MAPK and p-JNK proteins decreased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, the ability of proliferation, invasion and migration of cells in Cdc42-siRNA group decreased significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Cdc42 increased in TSCC patients, and the expression was related to cervical lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and depth of invasion. The silencing of Cdc42 may inhibit the transformation of EMT process of TSCC cells by blocking MAPK JNK/p38 pathway, thus inhibiting its invasion and migration, and negatively regulating TSCC cell proliferation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenic role of bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation and simultaneous implantation WANG He-jing, ZHANG Cai-xin, XUN Xing-xiang, HAN Lin-zi, YAN Ting-ting, XU Xiao, YUAN Rong-tao 2023, 21 (3):  218-224.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.002 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (1749KB) ( 57 )   PURPOSE: To explore whether it is necessary to implant bone substitute materials for maxillary sinus augmentation and simultaneous implantation, and to compare the osteogenic role of different bone substitutes. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits (3-month, male) were used for maxillary sinus augmentation and simultaneous implantation, and 24 maxillary sinuses in 12 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6): blood clot group, blank liposome-hydrogel group, medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel group, and bone allograft group. At 3 months, all samples were entirely taken and the effects of different bone substitutes on promoting bone regeneration were evaluated by micro-CT, H-E staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and H-E staining of bone tissue grinding slices. RESULTS: Micro-CT, H-E staining and Masson staining displayed that there were different degrees of new bone formation around the implants in 4 groups. Compared to blood clot group, more new bone formation was observed in blank liposome-hydrogel group. Compared with blood clot group and blank liposome-hydrogel group, more new bone formation was observed in medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel group and bone allograft group. Moreover, compared to bone allograft group, more new blood vessels were observed in bone matrix in medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel group. IHC showed the expression of angiogenesis indexes in medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel group was highest in 4 groups. The expression of osteogenic indexes in medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel group and bone allograft group was higher than other groups. H-E staining of bone tissue grinding slices showed that the osseointegration of the implants was good. The medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel group had more bone surrounding the implants. CONCLUSIONS: Using bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation surgery and simultaneous implantation not only maintains the height of maxillary sinus mucosa, but also improves the efficiency of osteogenesis. Compared to bone allograft, medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel with injectability is more suitable for irregular bone defect by minimally invasive filling. Medicine-loaded liposome-hydrogel effectively promotes angiogenic bone regeneration by steady drug release. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of EGFR-targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone on oral cancer pain WANG Zi-heng, ZHOU Ren, YAN Jia, ZHANG Lei, YANG Ya-qiong, JIANG Hong 2023, 21 (3):  225-230.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.003 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (789KB) ( 124 )   PURPOSE: To compare the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted (EGFR-targeted) therapy in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone on oral cancer pain. METHODS: Ninety oral cancer patients with chronic cancer pain were divided into chemotherapy alone group (group G0) and EGFR-targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy group (group G1) according to the type of treatment they received. Pain intensity was assessed at baseline (T0), day 1 (T1), day 7 (T2) and at the end of month 3 (T3) using visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale for pain(NRS). The patients were assessed for neuropathic pain using self-administrative Leeds neuropathic pain signs and symptoms scale (S-LANSS), and adjunctive analgesic use, sleep duration were recorded at T0 and T3. Treatment side effects and satisfaction were recorded at T3. SPSS 26.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Of the 90 patients, 31 cases were included in G0 group and 59 cases were included in G1 group. The average age of patients was 60.64 years and 70% were male. There was no significant difference in VAS and NRS at T0 between G0 group and G1 group(P>0.05). VAS and NRS at T1, T2 and T3 were significantly lower in G1 group compared to G0 group(P<0.05). Patients in G1 group used significantly less analgesic medication (P<0.05), slept longer(P<0.05) and were more satisfied (P<0.05) than those in G0 group at T3. CONCLUSIONS: EGFR-targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy are more effective than chemotherapy alone in the alleviation of oral cancer pain and reduce the use of adjuvant analgesics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of coral hydroxyapatite bone block grafting in severe alveolar bone defects ZHOU Chen, WANG Wen-xue, JIA Ren-jie, LI Xin, MEI Dong-mei, LI Ya-nan, ZHAO Bao-dong 2023, 21 (3):  231-236.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.004 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (1031KB) ( 55 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of coral hydroxyapatite bone blocks in the treatment of severe alveolar bone defects. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with severe alveolar bone defect were recruited from Jan 2019 to Jan 2021 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Thirteen patients underwent coral hydroxyapatite bone blocks grafting (CHA bone block group), 16 patients underwent autogenous bone blocks grafting (autogenous bone block group). To compare the bone augmentation and resorption between the two groups, CBCT was taken before (T0), immediately after (T1), 6 months after augmentation surgery(T2) and immediately after implant surgery(T3). The bone width of 0 mm (L1), 3 mm (L2), and 6 mm (L3) from the top of the alveolar ridge was measured. The pain intensity, complications (soft tissue dehiscence, infection or bone necrosis) after bone grafting were recorded. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: All 29 patients were implanted successfully after bone grafting and finished restorations. The average follow-up was (13.28±4.34) months. There was no significant difference in bone augmentation and bone absorption 6 months after operation between the two groups(P>0.05). The pain response of CHA bone block group was significantly different from that of autologous bone block group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Coral hydroxyapatite bone block could be used for bone augmentation for severe horizontal bone defects, which could obtain bone mass required for implantation. There is no second operation area, less pain response, safe and effective. This technique might be accepted easily for patients, and is worthy of wide clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of holistic nursing approach to improve facial aesthetics of children with congenital cleft palate LAN Chun-hui, ZHANG Xue-yan, WEI Min-ling, DING Wen-wei, LIANG Jian-hua 2023, 21 (3):  237-242.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.005 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (794KB) ( 63 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of holistic nursing approach in surgical nursing of children with congenital cleft palate malformation and its influence on facial aesthetics. METHODS: Eighty-seven children with congenital cleft palate from January 2019 to November 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group(n=44) and control group (n=43) by blind selection. The control group received routine operating room nursing, while the experimental group received holistic nursing. The operation situation, intraoperative vital signs, postoperative adverse reactions, nursing satisfaction of children's parents, speech intelligibility before and after operation, pain and facial aesthetics were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The operation time, hospital stay and intraoperative bleeding in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.01). The heart rate and respiratory rate of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the oxygen saturation of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The overall satisfaction of nursing work and facial aesthetics of family members of children in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05). The speech intelligibility of the two groups after operation was significantly higher than that before operation (P<0.05), and the speech intelligibility of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The pain score of the two groups 48 hours after operation was significantly lower than that 6 hours after operation (P<0.05), and the pain score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The holistic nursing path for children with congenital cleft palate can improve facial aesthetics of children, maintain the stability of vital signs, reduce postoperative adverse reactions and pain, and improve speech clarity of children and nursing satisfaction of family members. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical data analysis of 119 supernumerary teeth in posterior teeth area LIU Xiao-lin, WANG Ze-chen, REN Qun, LIU Xiao, LIU Wen-jing, FENG Ying, FENG Xiao-wei 2023, 21 (3):  243-247.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.006 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (1044KB) ( 69 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of supernumerary teeth in posterior teeth area. METHODS: The data of 119 supernumerary teeth in the posterior teeth area of 55 patients in Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2014 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively from the aspects of the number, position and shape of supernumerary teeth. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among 55 patients, there were 34 males and 21 females. Twenty-nine cases(52.73%) had one tooth, followed by 11 cases(20.0%) and 8 cases(14.55%) with two and three teeth respectively. Among the 119 supernumerary teeth, 84.87% were located in the premolar region, 57.98% occurred in the mandible, 78.16% were lingual(palatal), 63.02% had a premolar-like shape, 97.48% were in an unerupted state, and 27.73% had an influence on the surrounding teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Female is more than male in the incidence of supernumerary teeth in posterior teeth area. One tooth is the most common, the lower jaw is more than the upper jaw, the lingual (palatal) side is more than the buccal side, the premolar area is more common, the main shape is premolar-like, and some supernumerary teeth will affect the eruption of the surrounding teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of ICG fluorescence navigation during salvage surgery for advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma WU Zhu-hao, ZHANG Xing-wei, SUN Ya-wei, LI Zi-hui, CHEN Xin, PU Yu-mei, HU Qin-gang, DONG Ying-chun, SUN Guo-wen 2023, 21 (3):  248-252.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.007 Abstract ( 132 )   PDF (1023KB) ( 67 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation technique in the detection of safe surgical margins of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Forty-eight patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma treated in the First Ward of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital were divided into ICG group(n=25) and non-ICG group(n=23). The tumor was removed in ICG group with the assistance of ICG fluorescence navigation technology, and the tumor was removed in non-ICG group with conventional methods, and the cutting edge tissues of the two groups underwent frozen biopsy. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, abnormal margin rate and prognosis of the two groups were observed and compared, and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in all 48 patients, and the lesion resection was complete and an adequate surgical safety margin was guaranteed. In the ICG group, the tumor fluorescence was visualized in all lesions with clear tumor boundary under the excitation of near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging. The mean operative time was 8.1 hours, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 856.4 mL, and the rate of abnormal margins was 1.8%. The mean operative time in the non-ICG group was 7.7 hours, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 796.1 mL, and the rate of abnormal margins was 6.9%. By December 2022, 3 patients in the ICG group had died due to recurrence and 1 patient had died due to distant metastasis after surgery. In the control group, 4 cases died due to recurrence and 1 case died due to postoperative pulmonary infection. CONCLUSIONS: ICG mediated near infrared fluorescence imaging technology provides a new method for observing and completely resecting the tumor under direct vision during operation, and finding the residual tumor at the cutting edge in time, which has a certain significance in the treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of fiberoptic bronchoscope guided nasotracheal intubation on epistaxis after trachea extubation CAO Shuang, KANG Hua, CHEN Jie 2023, 21 (3):  253-257.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.008 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (852KB) ( 47 )   PURPOSE: To explore the influence of fiberbronchoscopic guidance on the incidence and severity of epistaxis during extubation among patients with nasotracheal intubation (NTI). METHODS: This retrospective analysis was conducted among patients who received general anesthesia with NTI and extubated in the postanesthesia care unit between October 2021 to October 2022. According to different intubation approach, the patients were divided into fiberoptic bronchoscope guided group (fiberoptic group), blind insertion and video laryngoscope group (video laryngoscope group). The propensity score matched analysis (PSM) was used to equalize the baseline data of the two groups, and then the incidence and severity of epistaxis during extubation were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups after PSM(P>0.05). The incidence of epistaxis was higher in the video laryngoscope group (38.8%) than in the fiberoptic group (18.4%; relative risk, 0.475; 95%CI: 0.296-0.762; P<0.001). The severity of bleeding was also lower in the video laryngoscope group (Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney odds, 0.644; 95%CI: 0.490-0.832, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fiberoptic bronchoscope guided NTI reduced the incidence and severity of epistaxis during extubation when compared with NTI performed via blind insertion and video laryngoscope. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of 65 patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism after radical resection of malignant tumors of head and neck CHEN Ming-tao, FANG Qi, ZHANG Chen-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, JI Tong, REN Zhen-hu 2023, 21 (3):  258-262.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.009 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (801KB) ( 55 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of postoperative acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS: Sixty-five patients who underwent radical surgery for head and neck malignancies were prospectively included, and data related to patients' basic characteristics, operation time, bed rest, coagulation function, deep vein thrombosis and the occurrence and management of PTE were recorded to investigate the correlation between the above indicators and the occurrence of PTE after radical surgery for head and neck malignancies. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among 65 patients, 18 (27.7%) were diagnosed with PTE by pulmonary CTA and other related examinations, 3 (4.6%) had obvious clinical symptoms of PTE. Dyspnea, chest pain, and cough were the main clinical symptoms of PTE patients, and tachycardia, decreased oxygen saturation, increased respiratory rate and respiratory rales were the most common signs in PTE patients. The highest postoperative D-dimer and prolonged bed rest are important risk factors for the occurrence of PTE after radical surgery for head and neck malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of acute PTE in the perioperative period after radical head and neck malignancy is high, with clinical manifestations and signs lacking specificity. Early diagnosis and early intervention for patients with PTE are important steps in improving prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and efficacy evaluation of functional fixator in the fenestration treatment of jaw cyst ZHOU Yun, WANG Zhen, ZHAO Xiao-mei 2023, 21 (3):  263-266.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.010 Abstract ( 220 )   PDF (794KB) ( 114 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of functional occlusal device in the fenestration of jaw cyst. METHODS: Fifty patients with jaw cyst who underwent fenestration surgery for the first time were selected. According to the treatment methods, they were divided into the conventional treatment group and functional treatment group, with 25 cases in each group. Obturator functioning scale (OFS) was used to evaluate the comfort, masticatory efficiency and aesthetics of patients wearing two kinds of different endodontics during fenestration treatment. The patients' satisfaction with the final restoration was investigated by questionnaire. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared to conventional obturators, the functional obturator group showed a statistically significant reduction in mandibular and maxillary tooth extension after healing of the lesion (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in chewing efficiency during the wearing of the obturator(P>0.05). The esthetic satisfaction of the functional obturator was significantly higher in patients with anterior tooth loss(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The functional obturator, which combines the functions of denture restoration, not only has good esthetics and wearing comfort, but also better maintains stability in missing interdental spaces and is more favorable for the restoration of missing teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of dental fear in patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction GUAN Ya-qin, DAI Jie-wen, HE Hua, YU Li-ya 2023, 21 (3):  267-271.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.011 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (777KB) ( 68 )   PURPOSE: To explore the occurrence of dental fear in patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction, and to provide evidence for formulating corresponding preventive measures. METHODS: Two hundred patients who underwent extraction of impacted mandibular third molar in outpatient operating room of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2021 to November 2021 were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted with Dental Fear Questionnaire (DFS) to analyze ages, genders, occupations, education levels, and dental experience on the occurrence of dental fear and the related factors leading to dental fear. A total of 196 valid questionnaires were collected, and were randomly divided into routine treatment group and comfortable intervention group, with 98 cases in each group. Routine treatment and comfortable intervention were given corresponding management, and the satisfaction was compared between the two groups. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among 196 cases, 35 cases(17.8%) developed dental fear, the average DFS score was 45.21±13.48. There was significant differences in the incidence of dental fear among gender, occupation and dental experience(P<0.05), no significant difference in age, education level and incidence of dental fear (P>0.05). The main factors causing dental fear in tooth extraction events were when the drill was grinding teeth(31.1%), when the sound of the drill was heard (29.6%), when the drill was seen (26.5%), and when anesthetic was injected (23.5%). The satisfaction of the comfortable intervention group was significantly higher than that of the routine treatment group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of dental fear is affected by many factors. Targeted and comfortable intervention and nursing strategies can improve patients' satisfaction and have a positive effect on reducing patients' dental fear. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Literature Analysis

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Analysis of highly cited papers in Chinese core journals of stomatology from 2016 to 2021 LI Xue-lu, XU Ling, ZHANG Hui-hong 2023, 21 (3):  272-278.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.012 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 77 )   PURPOSE: To objectively evaluate the distribution characteristics of highly cited papers(HCP) in 19 core journals of stomatology, and to explore the recent research hotspots in stomatology. METHODS: HCPs in 19 core journals of stomatology from January 2016 to December 2021were retrieved from CNKI database. The years, institutions, journals, fund, key words and the citation frequencies of HCPs were recorded. The data were analyzed by bibliometrics methods and SATI was used to draw a co-occurrence knowledge map. RESULTS: A total of 187 highly cited papers was selected. “Chinese Journal of Stomatology” was the journal with the most HCPs and the highest total citations, while “Shanghai Journal of Stomatology” with the highest mean citation counts. The top 10 institutions published 99 HCPs, accounting for 52.94%. The largest number of HCPs had a collaboration among 2 authors. There were 96 papers supported by fund (51.34%) while 91 papers without fund(48.66%). Among the six highest cited papers in the years, 3 were editorials, 2 were consensus and guidelines, and 1 was clinical research. "Chronic periodontitis", "root canal treatment", "CAD/CAM" and "clear aligners" were the most common key words. CONCLUSIONS: There is a mutual relationship between establishing a good journal brand and high-quality papers. The best cooperation scale should be selected for scientific creation. Editorials, consensus and guidelines in stomatology have an obvious advantage in achieving high citations. "Digital stomatology" may be the development trend and frontier in the next few years. The research results have certain guidance value for the construction of journals, manuscript selection and talent training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Articles

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Advance in the role and mechanism of pericentrin in development dento-maxillofacial deformities and other malformations ZHANG Yun, DAI Qing-gang, WU Yi-qun 2023, 21 (3):  279-285.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.013 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (853KB) ( 68 )   Pericentrin (PCNT) is a centrosomal protein that plays an important role in many biological behaviors such as mitosis and meiosis. Mutations in PCNT can cause a variety of dento-maxillofacial deformities, including severe craniofacial dysplasia and malformation of dental development. Although many clinical symptoms that related with PCNT have been reported, the research in the stomatological medical field is still very limited. In order to better understand the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of PCNT-related craniomaxillofacial deformities, this article reviewed the research progress on the pathogenic mechanism of PCNT published in recent years, and may hopefully provide theoretical basis for future study on the function of PCNT in craniofacial growth and dento-peridontal development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary of ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies and review of literature in molecular biology LI Xiao, FAN Xin-dong, ZHENG Jia-wei 2023, 21 (3):  286-290.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.014 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (779KB) ( 83 )   Vascular abnormalities are the general name of a group of diseases, which are divided into two categories by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies(ISSVA): vascular tumors and vascular malformations. In this paper, the latest research results of genetic changes in vascular diseases were summarized in combination with their molecular pathological manifestations. In glomuvenous malformations, the mutant globulin may activate PI3K signal through interaction with c-met. In addition, they may inhibit TGF-β-mediating smooth muscle cell differentiation and induce proliferation of so-called vascular globular cells. The mutation of PIK3CA in lymphatic malformation may stimulate the expression of VEGF-C or VEGFR3, induce the combination of PIK3CA with cell membrane, or increase cell proliferation, chemotaxis and angiogenesis by activating downstream Akt/mTOR. Mutation of RAS pathway in AVM may activate MEK/ERK signal, and RAS activation may induce morphological changes of endothelial cells, increase of budding behavior, expansion of vascular lumen, and abnormal connection between arteries and veins without cell proliferation. Mutation of VEGFR2 and TEM8 in infantile hemangioma leads to increased interaction between VEGFR2, TEM8 and integrin, and the resulting inactivation of integrin/NFATc2/VEGFR1 pathway may lead to phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and endothelial activation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of maxillary sinus floor augmentation technology CHEN Jun, XU Guang-zhou 2023, 21 (3):  291-300.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.015 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (843KB) ( 69 )   Tooth loss in the maxillary posterior region often leads to the lack of vertical bone mass between the maxillary sinus floor and the alveolar crest in the missing region. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation is the mainstream method to solve vertical bone mass deficiency in the posterior maxillary region. Since the 1960s, from origin to develop until maturity, the research of maxillary sinus floor augmentation has been continuously innovated. This article reviewed the evolution, common complications and management of maxillary sinus floor augmentation, bone grafting, pathological changes and management of maxillary sinus, and the influence of anatomic factors of maxillary sinus on osteogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Tongue squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma and gingival carcinoma secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report and literature review WANG Bo, SHEN Yue-hong, YANG Hong-yu 2023, 21 (3):  301-305.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.016 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 46 )   Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a relatively rare disease in the world, with a unique geographical distribution, but high incidence in Southeast Asia. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is mostly poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (98%) and radiotherapy is the first choice of treatment. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been considered to have a duality, which can treat cancer and cause cancer. The probability of radionecrosis of the jaw after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer is 1%-3%, mainly occurring in the mandible. This paper reported a case of left tongue squamous cell carcinoma, left oropharyngeal carcinoma and left lower gingival carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the occurrence of radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw. The history, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of this case were discussed based on reviewing the literature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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lymphatic-venous anastomosis for head and neck lymphedema using supermicrosurgery: case report and literature review REN Zhen-hu, GU Shi-lin, JI Tong, HE Yue, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, ZHENG You-mao 2023, 21 (3):  306-308.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.017 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (958KB) ( 68 )   In recent years, surgical treatment of limbs and trunk lymphedema has gradually attracted attention, but little is paid to head and neck lymphedema. In this paper, we reported a case of lymphedema of head and neck treated by super microsurgery with lymphatic-venous anastomosis(LVA), and discuss its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment based on relevant literature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mandibular fracture in an infant: case report and literature review ZAN Run-yu, PANG Chao-yuan 2023, 21 (3):  309-312.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.03.018 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 49 )   Mandibular fractures are rear in infants, diagnosis and treatment are different from adult mandibular fractures. Infants' mandibular fractures always present a challenge, we must not only consider the treatment plan according to the mandibular fracture type, but also focus on the infants' teeth eruption and mandible development. This article reported a 4-month-old male infant with mandibular symphysis fracture who underwent reduction of the fracture and circummandibular fixation using denture base. The denture base was removed 3 months after surgery and the mandibular fracture healed. References | Related Articles | Metrics