An experimental study of a novel double-layer chitosan membrane for guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects

Abstract

Abstract: PURPOSE: To compare new bone formation in rat calvarial defects using novel double-layer chitosan membranes (DLCM) or collagen (Bio-Gide) membranes, and evaluate the feasibility as guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane. METHODS: The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the DLCM for 2 days, then SEM was used to observe the attachment of the cell line to the membrane. The cytotoxicity of the DLCM was tested by CCK-8 assay at day 3, 7 and 10. Eighteen (18)SD rats were selected, and then divided into 3 groups (A,B and C). Two calvarial critical-sized defects (CSDs), 5 mm in diameter, were created symmetrically on the bilateral sides of the midline using a trephine bur. Right defect was covered with a resorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) as a control and the left side was covered with DLCM. The rats were sacrificed 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then analysed using micro-CT and histological methods,to compare new bone formation in rat calvarial defects using the two membranes. The data was analyzed for Student’s t test with SPSS20.0 software package. RESULTS: From the SEM image of MC3T3-E1 cells on the double-layer chitosan membrane after being cultured for 2 days. It was found that the cells adhered well to the porous layer. The results of cytotoxicity showed that cell proliferation rates of the experimental groups were 114.49%, 107.17% and 98.73% at day 3,7 and10, respectively, while the cytotoxicity was in grade 0 or 1, indicating that the chitosan membrane had low cytotoxicity. At 2 week, there were significant differences in bone volume (BV) and bone volume/total volume (BVF, BV/TV) (P<0.05) between the collagen group and the chitosan membrane group. But at 4 and 8 week, there was no significant difference in BV and BVF (P>0.05) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicated that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of the novel chitosan membrane fulfilled the requirements for GBR, and has significant potential as a GBR membrane.

Key words: Chitosan membrane, Collagen membrane, Biomaterials, Bone defect, Guided bone regeneration, Micro-computed tomography, Calvarial defect, Rat

CLC Number:

R782.1

CHEN Qi, WAN Guang-yong, ZHANG Shan-yong, JIAO Zi-xian. An experimental study of a novel double-layer chitosan membrane for guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects[J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2015, 13(2): 97-104.

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