Synthesis of carbon dots with dual roles of osteogenic and antibacterial effects for infected bone defects treatment

doi:10.19438/j.cjoms.2023.01.002

Abstract

Abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a new kind of carbon dots (CDots) made from gentamicin and folic acid on osteogenic differentiation and autophagy of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), as well as the inhibition of common oral pathogenic bacteria. METHODS: CDots were prepared by hydrothermal method using gentamicin and folic acid as raw materials, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV spectrophotometer. Biocompatibility was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis assay, and uptake by cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect the effect on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic and autophagy-related genes. Scanning electron microscopy and plate colony assay were performed to observe the ability of CDots to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Graph Pad Prism 9 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The CDots solution emitted blue fluorescence under UV light irradiation with a UV absorption peak at 330 nm; the PL emission peak of CDots was concentrated at 440 nm under the excitation of 405 nm laser. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the average diameter of CDots was about 12 nm. CCK-8 assay and apoptosis assay showed that CDots were biocompatible. Laser confocal microscopy results showed that CDots could be taken up by BMSCs. The results of alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that CDots increased staining. mRNA expression of the osteogenic genes OPN, OCN, BMP-2, and autophagy-related genes LC3, Beclin1, ATG-12 was increased by CDots compared to the control group(P<0.05). In vitro antibacterial assays indicated that CDots could inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. CONCLUSIONS: CDots prepared with gentamicin and folic acid are biocompatible, have dual osteogenic and antibacterial effects, promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, promote elevated autophagy levels, and have inhibitory effects on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Key words: Carbon Dots, Osteogenesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Autophagy

CLC Number:

R318.08

LIU Yi-ge, WANG Zi-lin, GUO Zhi-yong, WU Hao, WANG Wen-ying, HAN Jing, LIU Jian-nan, ZHANG Chen-ping. Synthesis of carbon dots with dual roles of osteogenic and antibacterial effects for infected bone defects treatment[J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2023, 21(1): 11-18.

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