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20 March 2020, Volume 18 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Special Topic on COVID-19

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Expert proposal for the management of oral and maxillofacial surgery during the epidemic period of 2019-nCoV Chinese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2020, 18 (2):  97-99.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.001 Abstract ( 530 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (2503KB) ( 194 )   2019-nCoV starting from Wuhan (Hubei Province),which spreads across China and several countries in the World, transmits through respiratory droplets, secretion and contact, demonstrating extremely infectious potential. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are inevitable that infection may easily occur when they contact the oral cavity, the upper respiratory tract and different types of secretion. It is an urgent issue during the epidemic that how to strengthen the awareness in oral and maxillofacial surgeons and carry out emergency and elective surgeries under specification or rational suggestions. For these purposes, Chinese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery organized part of experts to propose these suggestions for the management of oral and maxillofacial surgery during the epidemic period of 2019-nCoV, which may provide reference for daily diagnostic and therapeutic works. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Instructions for management of oral, maxillofacial trauma during prevention, control stage of the novel coronavirus infection ZHANG Tian-jia, LIU Ting, LUO Song-yuan, YU Li-ya, XIAO Yan, ZHU Min, ZHANG Shi-lei, WANG Xu-dong. 2020, 18 (2):  100-104.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.002 Abstract ( 606 )   HTML ( 49 )   PDF (3912KB) ( 290 )   The outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been spreading to more than 30 countries and regions rapidly during a short period of time. WHO announced that the epidemic situation has constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which makes the epidemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral and maxillofacial trauma, the risk of cross infection is severe. This paper, based on existing guidelines and published researches mainly discussed the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 and furthermore provided recommendations on patient's evaluation, procedure for trauma emergency operations and prevention during perioperative period under current circumstance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of 25 oral and maxillofacial emergency patients during the period of COVID-19 epidemic GUO Yu-xuan, CONG Bing-feng, LU Jin-biao, YANG Yong, LIU Yi-wen, DING Ming-chao, MA Jie, CHEN Yuan-li, LI Qian, LIU Yan-pu, TIAN Lei 2020, 18 (2):  105-110.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.003 Abstract ( 653 )   HTML ( 34 )   PDF (4613KB) ( 331 )   PURPOSE：The purpose of this study was to analyze the features and treatment protocols of emergency cases treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fourth Military Medical University during the period of COVID-19 epidemic, summarize the prevention and control measures, and provide reference for establishing oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment standard during the epidemic period. METHODS: The information of 25 emergency patients who were treated from 23 January 2020 to 20 February 2020 was collected. Then patients' data were analyzed according to the age, gender, disease and pathogeny. The therapeutic protocol for oral and maxillofacial emergency cases during the period of COVID-19 epidemic and the details of operation were investigated and discussed. RESULTS: During the epidemic period, 25 emergency patients were successfully treated. Among them, there were 10 males and 15 females, twelve patients were younger than 18 years old. Eleven patients were diagnosed as oral and facial laceration, while 10 patients were diagnosed as mandibular fractures. Five patients were given minor debridement in clinical room under local anesthesia with second-degree protection of the medical staff. Nineteen patients underwent surgery in negative pressure with the third-degree protection equipment. All patients were discharged in 3 weeks and infection of COVID-19 was not found in the whole therapeutic process. CONCLUSIONS: Facial injury is the leading cause of maxillofacial emergency during the period of COVID-19 epidemic. Children and woman are prone to facial trauma than adult man. Fall down is the main injury cause rather than traffic accident, while traffic accident is prone to lead mandibular fractures. The utmost point of treating oral and maxillofacial emergency patients in this special time is adopting strict prevention and protection measures during the whole therapeutic process. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons should give patients a simple, effective and definite approach to reduce the duration of operation, they must have good communication with infection control professionals and the hospital administrations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Study on immunogenic cell death induced by thermo-chemotherapy in CAL-27 cells of tongue squamous cell carcinoma SUN Qiao-zhen, SHI Fan, LUO Dan, XU Ting, WANG Sheng-zhi 2020, 18 (2):  111-116.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.004 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (4523KB) ( 121 )   PURPOSE： To investigate whether pingyangmycin(PYM), hyperthermia(HT) and their combination could induce immunogenic cell death of CAL-27 cells. METHODS: CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and ELISA assay were used to detect the effect of different treatments on CAL-27 cell proliferation, apoptosis, membrane expression rate of CRT and HMGB1 secretion. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: PYM inhibited CAL-27 cell activity in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). The membrane expression rate of CRT after PYM treatment and HT treatment were significantly higher than that in the untreated group. After treatment of PYM combined with HT, apoptosis, CRT membrane expression rate and HMGB1 secretion were all increased significantly compared with untreated group, chemotherapy group and HT group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PYM chemotherapy and HT could induce CRT translocation from intracellular to membrane surface of CAL-27 cells, and combined application of PYM and HT was significantly better than that of PYM alone in inducing apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of facial-submental artery island flap for repairing younger and older patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma CHEN Yong-ju, CHEN Wei-liang, ZHOU Bin, ZHONG Jiang-long, WANG Yan, CHEN Rui. 2020, 18 (2):  117-121.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.005 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (3682KB) ( 175 )   PURPOSE： The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of younger and older patients with tongue cancer using facial-submental artery island flap (FSAIF). METHODS: This study evaluated 96 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) who underwent FSAIF for reconstructing the hemitongue following cancer ablation. They were divided into two groups, namely < 60 years (n=62) and ≥ 60 years (n=34) age group. The skin paddles were 3 cm×6 cm-5 cm×12 cm (<60 years ) and 3 cm×9 cm-5 cm×15 cm (≥60 years) in size, respectively. None of the patients underwent radiotherapy. All the patients were followed up and their postoperative status were observed including swallowing, speech function, and aesthetic effects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The flap success rate was 96.9% and there was no significant difference in the rate of flap success between the two groups. No differences in swallowing, speech, aesthetic outcome and living status were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: FSAIF is suitable for reconstructing the hemitongue following cancer ablation, no matter in young or old patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of preoperative enteral nutrition support in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas in the enhanced recovery after surgery WANG Yan, JIANG Tong-hui, ZHUANG Hai, ZHANG Ji-sheng, BU Shou-shan. 2020, 18 (2):  122-126.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.006 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (3508KB) ( 164 )   PURPOSE： To evaluate the effect of preoperative enteral nutrition support for patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were divided into experimental group (n=37) and control group (n=19). On the basis of routine diet, patients in the experimental group received oral nutritional preparations for more than 7 days before operation, while patients in the control group received routine diet before operation. The changes of body mass index, serum albumin, serum prealbumin, serum ion concentration, nutrition-related adverse reactions, complications, first exhaust time, hospital stay and total hospitalization expenses were recorded. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data input and analysis. RESULTS: The serum albumin, at 7 days prealbumin and body mass index, at 3 days and 7 days after operation in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group; the incidence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group; the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the first time of exhaust after operation; the duration of hospitalization and the total cost of hospitalization in the experimental group were significantly shortened (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative enteral nutrition support is a safe and effective treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. It can improve the nutritional status of patients after operation, effectively reduce the incidence of nutrition-related adverse reactions after operation, shorten the length of hospital stay after operation and reduce the cost of hospitalization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy evaluation of 3D printed guide plate in maxillary anterior teeth implant WANG Wen-xue, JIANG Shuai, MEI Dong-mei, LI Xiao-jing, YAO Chen-yang, WANG Da-shan, ZHAO Bao-dong 2020, 18 (2):  127-131.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.007 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (3774KB) ( 144 )   PURPOSE： To evaluate the accuracy of 3D printed guide plate in implantation of upper anterior teeth and to explore its clinical effect. METHODS: Sixty patients who underwent upper anterior dental implantation from June 2017 to June 2018 were randomly divided into two groups: group G(guide plate group）and group R(conventional group). Each group had 30 patients. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) was taken before operation, and guide plate software Dentiq Guide was used to design the guide plate. Group G used 3D printed guide plate to assist implantation, while group R underwent conventional implantation. CBCT was taken immediately after operation. Preoperative and postoperative CT were overlapped by Dentiq Guide implant guide software. The differences between preoperative design and actual implant position were measured and the data were analyzed statistically with SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: Forty-six implants were implanted in group G. The measured deviation was: angle (2.34±1.03)°, tip (0.63±0.38) mm, apex (0.71±0.38) mm, and depth (0.41±0.40) mm. In group R, 43 implants were implanted with the following measured deviation: angle (6.72±3.65)°, tip (1.59±0.35) mm, apex (2.05±0.92) mm, and depth (0.77±0.63) mm. There were significant differences in angle, tip, apex and depth between two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of 3D printed guide plate in assisting implantation of upper anterior teeth can improve the accuracy of operation, meet the needs of implant restoration, and practise the concept of precise implantation guided by restoration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and analysis of preoperative difficulty predictors for autotransplanation of tooth HUI Xiao-yong, HOU Rui, XU Guang-jie, LI Zhi-wen, YANG Xia, ZHOU Hong-zhi, ZHANG Hao, SHANG Lei 2020, 18 (2):  132-135.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.008 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (3066KB) ( 293 )   PURPOSE： The purpose of this study was to design a difficulty prediction scale before autotransplanation of tooth (ATT) which was verified by statistical analysis. METHODS: Based on the literature and clinical experience, all of the possible factors for difficulty prediction before ATT were summarized. Eleven factors with high correlation were screened out and tabulated. The actual difficulty was verified by clinical cases. Statistical analysis was performed to check the reliability and validity of the scale with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: Data were expressed as follows, Cronbach's alpha (reliability value) was 0.853, Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCCs, content validity value) was 0.745, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO, structural validity value) was 0.704. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative difficulty prediction scale designed for ATT is reasonable and feasible. It is suitable for residents to make analysis of preoperative difficulty prediction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of 2018 cases of oral and maxillofacial ambulatory surgery HU Ya-qin, JIANG Can-hua, GAO Xing, CHEN Jie, YUAN Yong-xiang, GUO Feng, JIAN Xin-chun 2020, 18 (2):  136-139.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.009 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (3274KB) ( 260 )   PURPOSE： To summarize the clinical experience of oral and maxillofacial ambulatory surgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), and to explore its application value and safety. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted among patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial surgeries at Center of Ambulatory Surgery of Xiangya Hospital, CSU, from July 2014 to June 2019. The patients' data were analyzed, including age, gender, diagnosis, anesthesia type and surgical method or cancellation reason of operation, hospital stay, causes of delayed discharge, postoperative complications and medical expenses. Moreover, the top 8 diseases treated the most by ambulatory surgery were identified, and the data of hospital stay and medical expenses were analyzed and compared with those of patients with the same diseases from general inpatient ward. The differences between the groups were analyzed by two independent sample t test, and the data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: During this five-year study, in total 2018 cases of oral and maxillofacial ambulatory surgeries were performed. The major types of diseases were soft tissue neoplasms in oral and maxillofacial region, dental and jaw lesions and salivary gland diseases. The age of patients ranged from 2 to 77 years, with an average of 34.45 years. The ratio of male to female was 6:4. The operation cancellation rate was 1.13%, the incidence of complications was 0.64%, the average hospital stay was 0.89 days, and the delayed discharge rate was 0.40%. Compared to patients with the same diseases from the general ward, the hospital stay and medical expenses were significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Varies types of oral and maxillofacial diseases can be treated by ambulatory surgey, with advantages such as favorable patient compliance, shorter hospitalization and high utilization rate of medical resources. On the premise of standardized management, oral and maxillofacial ambulatory surgery is safe and feasible, and it is worthy of further promotion and application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Endoscopic-assisted treatment of odontogenic marginal jaw osteomyelitis SUN Jia-ping, LUO Qi, XIAO Wen-zhi, YANG Rong 2020, 18 (2):  140-143.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.010 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (3384KB) ( 201 )   PURPOSE： To explore the effect of endoscopy-assisted surgery on odontogenic marginal jaw osteomyelitis. METHODS: Sixty patients with odontogenic marginal jaw osteomyelitis admitted to Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with routine surgery,while patients in the experimental group were treated with endoscopy-assisted surgery. The average operation time, postoperative recovery time, preoperative and postoperative pain, opening function and masticatory function of the two groups were evaluated. The therapeutic effect and complications were observed for 3 months and compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The average operation time and recovery time of the experimental group was shorter than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of pain, mouth opening and masticatory function between the two groups before operation (P>0.05); the scores of pain in both groups after operation were lower than those before operation, while the scores of mouth opening and masticatory function were higher than those before operation (P<0.05); the scores of pain in the experimental group after operation were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the recurrent rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of total complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic-assisted surgery for odontogenic marginal jaw osteomyelitis can effectively shorten the period between operations, promote the recovery of patients after operation, significantly improve mouth opening, reduce the incidence of complications after operation, and have a better therapeutic effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on clinical effectiveness between flap and flapless immediate implant placement SUN Liang, QU Zhe 2020, 18 (2):  144-147.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.011 Abstract ( 642 )   PDF (3300KB) ( 253 )   PURPOSE： This study evaluated bone absorption, implant retention and soft tissue score of the labial bone plate in immediate dental implantation with or without flaps, and provide some guidance for clinical selection of different surgical methods. METHODS: Forty-two patients with immediate dental implantation of maxillary anterior teeth were selected as the subjects of this study. They were divided into flap group (22 cases) with 24 implants and flapless group (20 cases) with 22 implants. Mimics software was used to fit and compare the local bone mass of the patients on the day of operation and 6 months after operation. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to analyze the mean and variance of bone absorption 6 months after implantation, and the retention rate of implants was calculated. Pink esthetic score (PES) and papilla index score(PIS) of the two groups were compared 2 years after permanent restoration. RESULTS: The bone resorption of implant plateau (implant neck plateau), middle (implant length 1/2) and apical (implant lowest end) 6 months after implantation were (0.591±0.604), (1.145±0.923), (0.951±1.092), (0.384±0.321), (0.469±0.321), (0.209±0.288)mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in bone resorption in the middle part of implant and apical bone, except in the neck of implant. The implants in the flap group and the flapless group did not fall off during the observation period, and the implant retention rate was 100%. The pink aesthetic index and gingival papilla index of single tooth in the flap group (19 cases) and the flapless group (18 cases) were (7.34±1.132), (8.04±0.631); (2.04±0.591), (2.41±0.254),respectively(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate implant with flap or flapless technique had relatively stable marginal bone levels. Bone resorption in flapless group was lower than that in flap group. There was no significant difference in PES, PIS and P values between the two groups 2 years after permanent repair, but long-term observation was still needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of biochemical factors of coagulation and vascular crisis after oral and maxillofacial free tissue transplantation LIU Chang, ZHANG Kai, LI Jian-cheng, CHEN Yong-feng, LIU Liang 2020, 18 (2):  148-150.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.012 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (2365KB) ( 167 )   PURPOSE： To investigate the effects of biochemical factors of coagulation on vascular crisis after oral and maxillofacial free tissue transplantation. METHODS: Clinical data of 226 patients with oral and maxillofacial free revascularized flaps performed in our department from January 2012 to December 2018 were reviewed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS:Logistic regression analysis showed that low density lipoprotein(P=0.037, OR=1.435) and fibrinogen(P=0.037, OR=1.380) were significant factors for vascular crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Increased fibrinogen and LDL may raise the risk of vascular crisis of free flap for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical investigation of transoral internal fixation for subcondylar fracture：a comparative study FAN Xing, XIAO Xia, GAO Zhi-biao, BAI Zhen-xi. FAN Xing, XIAO Xia, GAO Zhi-biao, BAI Zhen-xi. 2020, 18 (2):  151-154.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.013 Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (3361KB) ( 186 )   PURPOSE： To investigate the clinical outcomes of transoral internal fixation for subcondylar fracture. METHODS: From October 2017 to June 2019, seven patients with subcondyle fracture were treated with transoral internal fixation, ten patients with subcondyle fracture were treated with retromandibular internal fixation. Operation time, effect of internal fixation, oral function, facial scar and incidence of facial nerve injury were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The operation time was 2 hours in transoral group and 2.5 hours in retromandibular group. Internal fixation of transoral group almost used single miniplate and double miniplates were used in retromandibular group. Infection rate was 28% in transoral group and none in retromandibular group. Limitation of mouth opening and poor occlusal relationship often occured in transoral group, which needed intermaxillary traction for 1-2 weeks, and oral function returned to normal after 3 months. Oral function returned faster after operation in retromandibular group. Almost no scar left on the face in transoral group and the scar was more obvious in retromandibular group. No facial nerve injury occurred in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transoral interal fixation is a better approach for subcondylar fracture, which almost has no scar left on the face, but has high risk of infection, poor operation field, poor fixation stability, more operation trauma, needs intermaxillary traction and oral function recovery needs longer time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Reconstructing severe traumatic oro-maxillofacial defects and deformities with free vascularized composite tissue flaps: clinical analysis of 11 consecutive cases JIANG Can-yang, SHI Bin, HUANG Jian-ping, JIANG Yan, ZHU Xiao-feng, HUANG Li, LIN Li-song 2020, 18 (2):  155-159.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.014 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (3834KB) ( 181 )   PURPOSE： To explore the microscopic features and effect of severe traumatic oro-maxillofacial defects with free vascularized flaps. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 11 consecutive cases with severe traumatic oro-maxillofacial defects from 2005 to 2018, all patients had compound tissue defects, which involved multiple anatomical regions(for example: lip, cheek, nose, ears, tempus, jaws, etc). Meanwhile,long-standing traumatic patients had severe scars and tissue displacement. All cases were reconstructed with free vascularized flaps by using microvascular surgical technique, which included 4 forearm flaps, there fibular osteocutaneous flaps, one lateral thoracic flap,and 3 anterolateral thigh flaps. RESULTS: Eleven patients were treated effectively, and followed-up for 1 year to 13 years, the survival rate of the free vascularized tissue flaps was 100%. No complications occurred such as flap crisis, and 10 patients were satisfied with their postoperative shape and function. CONCLUSIONS: Oro-maxillofacial traumatic defects display unique features, and microsurgical techniques play an important role in the reconstruction of shape and function, especially in large defects where local or adjacent flaps can not be used. Accurate assessment of the severity of injury and soft and hard tissue defects, and appropriate selection of free vascularized flaps are the keys to the application of this technique to achieve good results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and safety of puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of maxillofacial tumors in children and adolescents HAN Jing, TIAN Zhen, ZHANG Chun-ye, LIU Jian-nan 2020, 18 (2):  160-164.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.015 Abstract ( 579 )   PDF (4139KB) ( 157 )   PURPOSE： To evaluate the accuracy and safety of puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of maxillofacial tumors in children and adolescents. METHODS: From January 2017 to July 2018, 10 cases of maxillofacial tumors under 18 years old were collected from the outpatient Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, including 6 males and 4 females, with an average age of 12 years old (8-18 years old). In core needle biopsy, three to five pieces of tissues were taken with 16G needle. In fine needle aspiration, a 10 mL syringe was used to extract tissue. Puncture pathology and postoperative pathological diagnosis was compared. Complications were recorded. RESULTS: Core needle biopsy was performed in 4 cases and 3 cases received surgical treatment. One case was fibroblast/myofibroblast tumor. Two cases were rhabdomyosarcoma and one was diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesion. There were 6 cases of fine needle aspiration, and 5 cases received surgical treatment. One patient showed Langerhan's cell istiocytosis or giant cell granuloma. Large amount of blood was observed in 1 case. One case was small round cell tumor. One case showed a large number of inflammatory cells in the left submandibular lymph node. One case was epithelial malignant tumor. One case was rhabdomyosarcoma. The pathological diagnosis of resection specimens of the patients undergoing surgery after core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration was consistent with the pathological diagnosis of puncture. No complications such as bleeding, wound infection, needle tract recurrence occurred after puncture. CONCLUSIONS: Core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration are both safe and reliable in the diagnosis of suspected maxillofacial tumors in children and adolescents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Current situation and analysis of health education materials for orthognathic surgery patients published by international associations online WANG Bi-xia, YANG Lin, YUAN Wei-jun, WANG Xu-dong, RUAN Hong 2020, 18 (2):  165-170.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.016 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (4542KB) ( 163 )   PURPOSE： To understand and analyze the status of health education materials for orthognathic surgery published by professional associations online both at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for optimizing education materials for patients with dental and maxillofacial deformities in China. METHODS: In June 2019, we searched and screened the educational materials for orthognathic patients published by the professional associations of oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics and plastic surgery at home and abroad through the internet. Two researchers independently adopted content analysis method and extracted the contents of health education and the basic data of the associations through Nvivo 12.0 software for analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen associations of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and orthopaedic surgeons were included, involving eight countries, with various educational materials. Eighteen themes were drawn from the analysis of educational contents. The combined treatment of orthodontic and orthognathic surgery was summarized and the treatment and nursing contents of orthodontics were refined. CONCLUSIONS: Multinational professional physicians' associations have published educational materials for orthognathic surgery patients. Most of the contents of education have reached consensus. A few topics still need to be further explored. It is necessary to further integrate multi-disciplinary expertise and gradually optimize the formation of educational materials for orthognathic surgery patients in China. In the future, more associations will be encouraged to participate in the publication of health education materials on the internet, and more dental medical workers will actively carry out relevant research to promote the development of health education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence-Based Medicine

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Effect of early rehabilitation training in patients with oral cancer after free flap reconstruction: a meta-analysis YE Hai-chun, GAO Xian-lian, REN Yang, LI Li 2020, 18 (2):  171-176.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.017 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (4687KB) ( 193 )   PURPOSE： To evaluate the effect of early systematic rehabilitation training on oral cancer patients after radical resection with free flap to repair soft tissue defects. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of early rehabilitation training on function recovery of patients with oral cancer in China and aboard were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Citation Database, and WanFang Data. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to perform meta analysis. RESULTS: A total of 12 eligible literatures were included. Meta analysis showed that the swallowing function score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery[SMD=-1.22, 95%CI(-1.55,-0.90), Z=7.41, P<0.001]. The excellent and good rate of speech intelligibility of the patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group [RR=1.44, 95%CI(1.16,1.78), Z=3.33, P<0.001]. The speech intelligibility score in the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the control group 3 and 6 months after surgery[MD=13.01, 95%CI(6.78,19.24), Z=4.09, P<0.001;MD=7.90, 95%CI(3.19,12.61), Z=3.29, P<0.01]. CONCLUSIONS: Early rehabilitation training is helpful to recovery of swallowing function and speech function in patients with oral cancer after free flap repair. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Articles

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Progress in the applications of ultrasound elastography in non-neoplastic diseases of salivary glands SHEN Yi-chao, YU Chuang-qi, WANG Zhi-jun, ZHANG Wei-qian 2020, 18 (2):  177-181.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.018 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (4364KB) ( 139 )   Ultrasound elastography has developed rapidly in recent years. It can qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the hardness of tissues. It is often used for non-invasive evaluation of multiple organ diseases in the whole body. It is easy to operate, highly reproducible, and more objective. At present, ultrasound elastography can be used to distinguish normal tissue and diseased tissue. It also provides valuable information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of salivary gland diseases. The principle and technology of ultrasound elastography and its application in non-neoplastic diseases of salivary glands was reviewed in this article. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in research on the mechanism of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas SONG Hui-xin, LIN Chun-nan, WANG Tian-you, FU Zhao-chen 2020, 18 (2):  182-185.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.019 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (3053KB) ( 215 )   Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children. Since 2008, propranolol has gradually become the first-line treatment for IH, but the treatment mechanism is not completely understood. This paper aimed to elucidate the mechanism of propranolol in the treatment of IH, so as to provide more reasonable and safe treatment for IH. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Parotid T cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review YUAN Zhen-ying, LI Ming, GUAN Cui-qiang, YAN Xing-quan, NAN Xin-rong 2020, 18 (2):  186-189.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.020 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (3239KB) ( 232 )   Parotid T cell lymphoma is a rare disease with atypical clinical manifestations that can be diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. This paper reported a case of parotid gland T cell lymphoma, and analyzed the incidence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease based on relevant literature review. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of macroglossia by surgical resection combined with pingyangmycin injection: a case report and literatures review JIN Neng-hao, NAN Xin-rong, YAN Xing-quan, LI Ming 2020, 18 (2):  190-192.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2020.02.021 Abstract ( 496 )   PDF (2535KB) ( 309 )   Macroglossia refers to excessive enlargement of the tongue caused by hyperplasia and edema of the tongue tissue, which can be caused by various causes, such as hemangioma and lymphatic malformation, neurofibroma, hypothyroidism, angioneuroedema, amyloidosis and other types of diseases. The treatment of macroglossia is challenging and difficult. We reported here a case of giant tongue due to angiolymphoma treated by surgical resection combined with pingyangmycin injection and reviewed the relevant literatures on clinical manifestation and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics