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10 May 2014, Volume 12 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Basic Research Articles

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Serum peptide analysis in oral squamous cell carcinoma LIU Ying, TAN Yi-ran, YANG Cheng-zhe, ZHU Dong-wang, ZHONG Lai-ping, ZHANG Chen-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan 2014, 12 (3):  193-197.  Abstract ( 403 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (584KB) ( 258 )   PURPOSE: To explore serum peptide profiles in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at early and late clinical stages. METHODS: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with weak cation magnetic nano-beads (WCX) were used to detect serum peptide profiles in 120 healthy persons, 37 OSCC patients at early clinical stage and 129 OSCC patients at late clinical stage. ClinprotTools 2.1TM software was used to analyze different serum peptide peaks and establish differential diagnosis model. Potential significant peaks were identified by searching IPI database. RESULTS: A total of 385 differential serum peptide peaks were found among healthy persons, early stage OSCC patients and late stage OSCC patients. Based on the differential diagnosis model, five peptide peaks were identified as FGA, ITIH4, PKM2, SCARA5 and SDPR, which could separate OSCC patients at early clinical stage from healthy person with sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 98.5%; four peptide peaks were identified as FGA, PKM2, ITIH4 and ALB, which could separate OSCC patients at early clinical stage from those at late clinical stage with sensitivity of 98.5% and specificity of 88.2%; five peptide peaks could be used to separate OSCC patients at late clinical stage from healthy persons with sensitivity of 89.4% and specificity of 85.1%, three of them were identified as SERPINA1,TTR and SDPR. CONCLUSION: From these results, potential differential serum peptides are identified to separate OSCC patients from healthy persons. These potential serum biomarkers should be further validated with mechanism studies before application in clinic. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81272979), Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (1052nm04700 and 13QH1401700), and Medicine and Engineering Cross Research Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2010MS49). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tongue squamous cell carcinoma ZHOU Bin, CHEN Wei-liang, WANG You-yuan, LIN Zhao-yu, ZHANG Da-ming, FAN Song 2014, 12 (3):  198-204.  Abstract ( 344 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1306KB) ( 328 )   PURPOSE: To examine the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in promoting invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and the possible mechanism. METHODS: A series of matched pairs of CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were primarily cultured in collagenase digestion. Identified markers of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF1), vimentin and cytokeratin (CK) were observed. Transwell assay, Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were carried out to assess the role of CAFs in promoting migration, invasion and inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCC9, compared with NFs. RESULTS: Both primarily cultured CAFs and NFs expressed vimentin, but not CK. CAFs showed significantly higher α-SMA expression and SDF1 secretion, as well as mRNA level of α-SMA and SDF1. Co-culture with CAFs induced up-regulation of EMT markers (fibronectin and vimentin) and down-regulation of E-cadherin of SCC9, as well as enhanced invasion. CONCLUSION: Collagenase digestion is a reliable way to primary culture of CAFs. CAFs may induce EMT markers and functional changes in SCC9. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81172563). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of concentrated growth factors on goat condylar cartilage defect SUN Yu-huan, HE Dong-mei, YANG Chi,SUN Ning-ning, CAI Yi-hua, WANG Li-zhen, ZHANG Ping 2014, 12 (3):  205-209.  Abstract ( 578 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1695KB) ( 408 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of concentrated growth factors (CGF) on the healing process of goat condylar cartilage defect. METHODS: Three goats at the age of 6 months (average weight=16 kg) were used in this study. Each animal had bilateral condyle cartilage resected, then autologous venous blood was collected to obtain CGF. CGF was used to cover one side of the condyle cartilage defect, the other side of the condyle cartilage defect was uncovered as control. Gross observation and histological examination were performed 1 month after operation. RESULTS: The condylar surface of the control side was uneven while the experimental condylar surface was smooth, covered by cartilage-like tissues. H-E staining of the control side showed exposed subchondral bone, active bone resorption by osteoclasts and inflammatory reaction. While the control side showed no obvious inflammatory reaction and bone resorption. The bone surface was covered by fibrous tissues. CONCLUSION: CGF can reduce inflammation and bone resorption after cartilage damage. It can also promote fibrous tissue repair to protect the subchondral bone.Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2271100, 13XD1402300), Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Scientific Research Foundation of Ministry of Education for Returned Overseas Scholars, Research Fund of the Ministry of Health (201002017), and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (13ZR1423500). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of folic acid on the proliferation of embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells of mouse LIU Dian-wei, NAN Xin-rong, YAN Xing-quan, BAI Xue-peng 2014, 12 (3):  210-214.  Abstract ( 328 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 293 )   PURPOSE: To study the mechanism by which retinoic acid (RA) can cause mouse cleft palate and folic acid could antagonize the effect of RA. METHODS: Pregnant mice were given excess dose of RA to induce cleft palate, and then their embryonic palatal mesenchymal (EPM) cells were extracted by the method of incomplete digestion and cultured at gestation days 14, 17 (GD14, 17). After being identified, the cells were treated with different concentration of folic acid and then their proliferation was tested by MTT method. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: ① Giving pregnant mice 50 mg/kg RA at GD10, 12 could cause mice cleft palate; ② The purity of EPM cells treated by incompleted digestion reached 98%; ③The proliferation of EPM cells of GD14 was inhibited by RA, but folic acid at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL could antagonize the effect of RA. CONCLUSIONS: ①Excess dose of RA could cause cleft palate in mouse and an important mechanism is the inhibition of EPM cells’ proliferation; ②Folic acid could antagonize the inhibition effect caused by RA. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province (201311056-5). References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Articles

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A new clinical classification and stage for osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: clinical analysis of 120 cases HE Yue, DAI Tian-guo, TIAN Zhuo-wei, WANG Zhong-he, ZHANG Chen-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan 2014, 12 (3):  215-222.  Abstract ( 584 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1589KB) ( 384 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, classification and stage of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. METHODS: Using BS classification and Stage, we retrospectively studied the clinical data of 120 ORNJ cases treated from Jan. 2003 to Jan. 2013. RESULTS: Mandibular necrosis was significantly more than maxilla and upper-lower jaws, account for 99, 14 and 7, respectively. Cumulative radiation dose ranged from 35 to 148Gy, with a median dose of 68.1Gy, and 69(57.5%) cases received more than 60Gy. In majority of patients (64.2%), osteonecrosis occurred first to two years after radiotherapy, however, also 20.0% patients osteonecrosis occurred more than five years after radiotherapy. According to BS classification, none of patient belonged to StageⅠ; Stage Ⅱ patients accounted for 13.3% (n=16), and 14 cases were treated by sequestrum scaling and simple sequestrum extensive resection; Stage Ⅲ patients accounted for 76.7% (n=92), and 71 cases were treated by sequestrum extensive resection, and 47 cases treated with simultaneous vascularized flap; Stage Ⅳ patients accounted for 10.0% (n=12), 10 cases were treated by sequestrum extensive resection and immediately vascularized flap transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoradionecrosis occurs more easily in unilateral mandible, especially the body and partial ramus. In majority of patients, osteoradionecrosis occurred first to two years after radiotherapy. The currently best treatment methods for ORNJ are extensive sequestrum resection combined immediately vascularized flap transplantation.Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271112, 30973341), Development Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (201312) and SMC Rising Star-A Scholar of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (201312). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Periodontal micro-osteotomy assisted orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ adults with alveolar hypoplasia in the lower anterior region WANG Bo, SHEN Guo-fang, FANG Bing, SUN Liang-gong, WU Yong, YU Hong-bo, LIU Jia-qiang 2014, 12 (3):  223-227.  Abstract ( 674 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1173KB) ( 484 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of lower incisor proclination and surrounding periodontal condition after periodontal micro-osteotomy assisted orthodontics for skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusions with alveolar hypoplasia in the lower anterior region. METHODS: The sample consisted of 9 cases diagnosed as severe Class Ⅲ malocclusions with alveolar hypoplasia in the lower anterior region who accepted periodontal micro-osteotomy assisted orthodontic treatment, selected from consecutive patients of Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Science of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from Dec.2009 to Oct. 2011. The changes of lower incisor proclination and surrounding periodontal condition were evaluated with cone-beam CT (CBCT) and lateral cephalometry. Data was processed using SAS8.02 software package. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the root length and lingual alveolar bone thickness of lower incisors before treatment, after pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, and after treatment (P>0.05). Labial alveolar bone thickness and lower incisor proclination were increased during pre-surgical orthodontic treatment (P<0.01), and both maintained during post-surgical orthodontic treatment (P>0.05). Both vertical labial and lingual alveolar bone loss occurred during pre-surgical orthodontic treatment(P<0.05), but did not deteriorate during post-surgical orthodontics treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With the application of periodontal micro-osteotomy assisted orthodontic technique, adequate lower incisors decompensation could be achieved with minimal surrounding periodontal side effects for skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusions with alveolar hypoplasia in the lower anterior region.Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10972142), Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (08411961600) and Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment and prognosis of large submandibular calculi SHI Huan, YU Chuang-qi, ZHENG Ling-yan, PU Yi-ping, XIE Li-song, WANG Zhi-jun 2014, 12 (3):  228-232.  Abstract ( 928 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (812KB) ( 289 )   PURPOSE: Recently, different minimally invasive techniques have been developed for the management of submandibular calculi. This retrospective study summarized our experience in transoral management of large submandibular calculi with sialendoscopy. METHODS: During a period of 10 years from 2002, patients with swelling symptom in submandibular gland were confirmed with large calculi (≥10 mm) by routine methods. All cases were evaluated in regard to the degree of symptom by VAS, and patients with long history (more than 1 year) were further assessed with uptake and excretion function by 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraph. Large calculi were removed by transoral approach (with gland preservation) combined with sialendoscopic management. Failed cases underwent removal of the glands. Evaluation of the results included VAS assessment after large calculi removed successfully. RESULTS: One hundred and six cases had large calculi in the submandibular duct (anterior 33, posterior 73). 19 cases were evaluated by scintigraphic examination, 6 cases (31.6%) almost lost total function, and 9 cases lost partial function, 4 cases had normal function. Transoral sialolithectomy was successfully performed in 101 cases (101/106, 95.3%). Residual calculi were detected in distal duct in 29 cases under sialendoscopy, and 23 cases were removed successfully by forceps or basket simultaneously. Most cases after management had relieved symptom by VAS evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Large submandibular calculi can be removed transorally by gland-preserving procedure and most cases were asymptomatic after joint management with sialendoscopy. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100766), Key Project of Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Bureau(2014035), Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2271100), Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, and Medical Guiding Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YZ1024). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in temporomandibular joint space after disk repositioning with functional appliance MA Zhi-gui, SHEN Yu-qing, YANG Chi, XIE Qian-yang, ZHANG Shan-yong, CAI Xie-yi 2014, 12 (3):  233-238.  Abstract ( 582 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1428KB) ( 541 )   PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space after treatment of disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) for Class Ⅱ malocclusions. METHODS: Disc repositioning was obtained with functional appliance for 42 adolescent patients diagnosed as unilateral DDWR. MRI scans were used before treatment (T1), at the start of treatment (T2) and after functional treatment (T3). Comparing with the normal joint, the change of joint space index (JSI) was calculated between T1 and T3. The anterior, posterior, and superior joint spaces were analyzed on the largest sagittal plane among T1, T2 and T3. Student's t test was performed using SPSS 16.0 software package for data analysis. RESULTS: The average treatment duration was 9 months. Short duration was seen in younger patients. During the phase of T1, the value of JSI of DDWR was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). This indicated the anterior space was larger than the posterior space for DDWR. There was a decrease in the anterior space (P<0.01) and an increase in the post-superior space at T2 (P<0.01). A significant increase in the anterior space (P=0.01) and a remarkable reduction in the post-superior space (P<0.01) were observed at T3 compared with T2. There was a significant increase in the post-superior space and no significant decrease in the anterior space at T3 compared with T1 for DDWR. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the TMJ space is well-distributed after functional treatment and disc repositioning for DDWR. Supported by Research Fund for Young College and University Teachers of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (jdy11027), Research Fund of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (20134Y061) and Scientific Research Fund of Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2012-12). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of two methods for removal of mandibular third molar with mesioangular and horizontal impaction LIU Jun-ping, HOU Xu, ZHAO Xiao-peng, WANG Jian-guang,PAN Chao-bin 2014, 12 (3):  239-242.  Abstract ( 597 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (957KB) ( 500 )   PURPOSE: To compare the clinical efficacy of T-shaped splitting combining Turbo-drill removal with traditional extraction in removal of mandibular third molar with mesioangular and horizontal impaction. METHODS: A total of 138 patients who required removal of mandibular third molar with mesioangular and horizontal impaction were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (70 cases) and group B (68 cases). Patients in group A underwent extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar with T-shaped splitting combining Turbo-drill removal technique, while patients in group B underwent mandibular third molar extraction with traditional method. The operation time, intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded to assess the effects of two methods. SPPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The intraoperative and postoperative complication incidence in group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The method of T-shaped splitting combining Turbo-drill in removal of mandibular third molar with mesioangular and horizontal impaction is safe and with fewer complications. It is worthy of wide clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A post submandibular approach together with osteotomy in the vertical ramus outside of the mandibular foramen in treatment of tumors invading parapharyngeal space ZHANG Da-ming, CHEN Wei-liang, LIN Zhao-yu, ZHOU Bin, HUANG Zhi-quan, WANG You-yuan 2014, 12 (3):  243-246.  Abstract ( 328 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1230KB) ( 284 )   PURPOSE: To assess the reliability and safety of the post submandibular approach together with osteotomy in the vertical ramus outside of the mandibular foramen in treatment of tumors invading parapharyngeal space. METHODS: Ten primary parapharyngeal-space tumors were treated with a post submandibular approach together with osteotomy in the vertical ramus outside the mandibular foramen. Primary lesions were pleomorphic adenoma, schwannoma, Warthin’s tumor, lipoma, chordoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Tumor size ranged from 4 cm×4 cm to 6 cm×8 cm. Patients with malignant tumors who underwent surgical resection also received adjuvant radiotherapy for about 50Gy. RESULTS: All the tumors were removed completely. No patient exhibited any permanent postoperative complication or other dental complications from this surgical approach. One patient had slight transient postoperative facial paralysis, which resolved spontaneously nearly one month. The patients were followed up for 5 to 28 months. No recurrence was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: The post submandibular approach together with osteotomy in the vertical ramus outside of the mandibular foramen for tumors in the parapharyngeal space is reliable and safe. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Craniomaxillofacial bone frame reconstruction-bimaxillary substantial advancement and anticlockwise rotation for patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome LU Xiao-feng, WANG Meng, YU Wen-wen, LU Li-yang, JU Wu-tong, HE Jian-de, SUN Hong-xia 2014, 12 (3):  247-252.  Abstract ( 486 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 502 )   PURPOSE: To overcome the oriental face type of micro convex constraints, advancing the maxilla and mandible in order to achieve good surgical effect for patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS:Sixteen cases with severe OSAHS (15 males and 1 female) were included. The mean age was 36.81±10.41 years, BMI (body mass index, BMI) was (27.35±3.67) kg/m2, AHI was (61.59±15.78), LSAT was (72.13±9.63)%. Cephalometric analysis and PSG were conducted preoperatively and postoperatively. Q-UPPP and maxillomandibular anticlockwise rotation advancement were performed, in which the maxillae advancing distance was controlled to be 6-8 mm and mandible moved forward beyond 10 mm by BSSRO. Genioplasty was performed based on the need of patients' profile. All patients ware followed up for (20.88±3.27) months postoperatively. The data was analyzed with SAS 8.02 software package. RESULTS:According to stanford criteria: AHI<20 and drop to≥50%, the success rate was 93.75%. The patients’ maxilla moved forward by (6.91±1.68) mm,anteriorly raised by (4.13±0.85) mm; the mandible advanced (11.03±1.32) mm. Nine cases underwent genioplasty and the chin was advanced by (9.67±2.00) mm. All patients feel well and OSAHS symptoms disappeared or remarkably improved. The patients’ AHI was 61.59±15.78 preoperatively, the postoperative AHI was 10.04±7.33 (P<0.0001). The LSAT was (72.13±9.63)% preoperatively, the postoperative LSAT was (87.31±4.30)% (P<0.0001). The SNA was (81.32±4.03)° preoperatively, the postoperative SNA was (87.18±3.70)°(P=0.0002);SNB was (72.56±3.99)° preoperatively, and (80.08±3.40)° postoperatively(P<0.0001). MP-H was (26.25±3.49) mm preoperatively, and (21.61±4.04) mm postoperatively (P=0.0016). PASmin was (5.94±1.02) mm preoperatively, and (9.11±2.17) mm postoperatively (P<0.0001). There were no dysphagia or VPI, all patients had good occlusion and no visible deformities were noted. CONCLUSIONS:Bimaxillary substantial advancement and anticlockwise rotation is effective and stable for severe OSAHS patients to advance their maxilla and mandible anticlockwise. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effect of short implants in posterior maxilla with insufficient bone mass TONG Qing-chun, ZHANG Xing-wen 2014, 12 (3):  253-256.  Abstract ( 311 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (630KB) ( 347 )   PURPOSE: To observe the clinical effect of short implants in posterior maxilla with insufficient bone mass .METHODS: Thirty-one patients restored with 34 short implants in posterior maxilla region were followed up for 5 years. The final restorative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The clinical measurement and patients' questionnaire showed satisfactory outcomes when the implants were loaded after restoration. According to Albreksson's implant success criteria, 5-year cumulative success rate was 100%, one patient was lost to follow-up, and 30 patients were satisfied with the results of implant prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Short implant can be used as one of the methods to solve insufficient posterior maxilla bone mass. It is easy to operate by doctor and accepted by patients, and has exact effectiveness. Supported by Research Found of Science and Technology Bureau of Jiading District Shanghai Municipality (201111). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting on severely resorbed maxillary crest: a 3-year prospective study ZHANG Xiao-xiao, SI Mi-si, LAI Hong-chang 2014, 12 (3):  257-260.  Abstract ( 514 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (942KB) ( 376 )   PURPOSE: This study was designed to explore the clinical outcome of implant placed at the time of osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without grafting in patients with severely resorbed maxillary alveolar bone. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with residual bone height (RBH) less than 5 mm received OSFE without grafting combined with simultaneous implant placement. Thirty-two Straumann?? SLA implants were placed. The patients were recalled 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery and radiographs were taken for assessment of clinical outcomes. RESULTS: All implants were successfully loaded 3-6 months after surgery. One implant was lost after 12 months of functional loading, while the other implants were stable and no complications were observed. The 3-year survival rate of implant was 96.88%. Radiographs at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36- month demonstrated the endo-sinus bone gain increased constantly during the follow-up period. The endo-sinus bone gain was (3.41±0.42) mm and the marginal bone loss was(1.21±0.46) mm at 36- month. CONCLUSIONS: OSFE without grafting combined with simultaneous implant placement should be considered as a viable technique for use in patients with severely absorbed maxillary alveolar bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Descriptive analysis of oral squamous cell cancer incidence in south and east China FU Jin-ye, GAO Jing, ZHENG Jia-wei, LUO Jian-feng, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, XIANG Yong-bing 2014, 12 (3):  261-265.  Abstract ( 373 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (633KB) ( 528 )   PURPOSE: To elaborate the recent characteristics of oral squamous cell cancer incidence in south and east China. METHODS: Seven hundred ninety-one cases were included in this descriptive analysis. Grouped t test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences between groups by using SPSS19.0 software package. Literature review was used to analyze the changing trend by time and region of the disease. RESULTS: The man to female ratio was 1.94:1. The average age was 56.9 years for man and 57.5 for woman. The top three subsites for male were tongue (49.8%), floor of mouth (15.1%) and gingiva (14.6%). The top three subsites for female were tongue (60.2%), cheek (21.9%) and gingiva (13.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the data of last century, the peak age of OSCC in south and east China was 10 years later than before. Male to female ratio had significant difference by region while little change for the era. Oral tongue was the most common subsite, followed by floor of mouth for men and cheek for women. Incidence of gingival cancer was decreased. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence-based Medicine

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The diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography for detecting of anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint: a meta-analysis by HSROC statistical model DONG Xiao-yu, ZHU Zu-feng, ZHANG Xin-li, HE Shuai 2014, 12 (3):  266-272.  Abstract ( 351 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1033KB) ( 379 )   PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography for detecting anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint using HSROC statistical model. METHODS: The relevant trials were searched in the databases of PubMed (1966-2013.9), CNKI(1994-2013.9), CBM(1978-2013.9), Embase(1974-2013.9), VIP(1994-2013.9) database and manual searching was also conducted, two reviewers evaluated the quality of the included trials according to the QUADAS evaluation criterion, the data was extracted and then cross-checked, meta-analysis was conducted by HSROC statistical model, the clinical utility of the results was estimated according to the Fagan’s Nomogram of Bayes'theory. All the included data was analyzed using Stata12.0 software package. RESULTS: Twelve literatures and 1137 subjects were included. The results of HR-US in diagnosis of ADDWR were: the weighted sensitivity and specificity were 0.84 (95%CI=0.76-0.90) and 0.87 (95%CI=0.77-0.93), beta=0.33 (95%CI=0.15-0.81), Z=0.135, P=0.179>0.1, Lambda=3.65 (95%CI=2.53-4.77), fagan pre-test probability =58%, +LR=6.7, positive post-test probability=90%, -LR=0.17, negative post-test probability=20%; The results of HR-US in diagnosis of ADDWoR were: weighted sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 (95%CI=0.61-0.86)and 0.92 (95%CI=0.87-0.95), beta=-0.41 (95%CI=-1.17-0.35), Z=-1.05, P=0.294>0.1, Lambda=3.99 (95%CI=2.71-5.27), fagan pre-test probability =38%,+LR=9.8,positive post-test probability =83%,-LR=0.25, negative post-test probability=16%. CONCLUSIONS: HR-US had good performance in the diagnosis of ADD, it is of superior diagnostic value in detecting ADDWR than ADDWoR, and it can be used as a new clinical diagnosis method for rapid diagnosis of ADD. Supported by Medical Research Projects of Nanjing Military Command, PLA (06MA151, 20080987, Y07010, 11Z007). References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Article

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The correlation between bilateral temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement and mandibular retrusion SHEN Yu-qing,YANG Chi,CAI Xie-yi,MA Zhi-gui 2014, 12 (3):  273-276.  Abstract ( 679 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (435KB) ( 374 )   Mandibular retrusion is a common type of mandibular malformation, affecting the appearance and function of patients. In recent years, many studies have found that there was a high prevalence of anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with mandibular retrusion, and anterior disc displacement might be one of the important causes of mandibular retrusion. This review focused on the correlation between anterior disc displacement of TMJ and mandibular retrusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in study of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis XU Wei-feng, ZHANG Shan-yong 2014, 12 (3):  277-280.  Abstract ( 470 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (459KB) ( 426 )   Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA) is a very common disease of temporomandibular joint disorders, which has a high morbidity and results in unbearable sufferings for patients, such as limitation of mouth opening, pain in the TMJ and clicking. The main pathological processes of TMJOA included cartilage degeneration, synovitis and adhesion formation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic factors, recently, studies have showed that VEGF was found in the articular disc, condylar cartilage, synovial tissue and synovial fluid in TMJOA, and it is increasingly considered to be an important suspicious factor in the formation of TMJOA. This review summarized the current literature on the studies of VEGF on TMJOA. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81371168), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (10ZR1418200), Shanghai Pujiang Talent Plan in 2011,The New Hundred Talents Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in 2011, The Seventh College Students Innovation Training Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2013052). References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Treatment of bilateral intracapsular condylar fracture displaced superolaterally with symphysis fracture in children: report of 1 case CAI Yi-hua, LU Chuan, HE Dong-mei, YANG Chi 2014, 12 (3):  281-284.  Abstract ( 562 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1335KB) ( 467 )   Intracapsular condylar fracture is common in children. If treated improperly, complications will occur. We presented a case of a child who had bilateral intracapsular condylar fracture displaced superolaterally with symphysis fracture, manifesting malocclusion after symphysis fixation at local hospital. The symphysis fracture was refixed to correct the widening of the mandible arch by open reduction and the position of bilateral condyle in the TMJ fossa was corrected by reduction with hands. Intermaxillary fixation especially for children was applied to improve the occlusion. After 3 months of follow-up, CT showed that bilateral condyle was in the right position of the TMJ fossa, bilateral condyle and TMJ fossa remodeled and favorable occlusion was achieved. This case illustrated the principle of bilateral intracapsular condylar fracture displaced superolaterally with symphysis fracture in children is to correct the widening of mandible arch and the condylar displaced superolaterally. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality(08DZ2271100,13XD1402300), Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Scientific Research Foundation of Ministry of Education for Returned Overseas Scholars, and Research Fund of the Ministry of Health of China(201002017). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity: a case report and review of literature XIE Shu-le, MA Ping-ping,YANG Hong-yu, SHEN Shi-yue, YANG Hui-jun, JIN Long, ZHANG Shan-shan 2014, 12 (3):  285-288.  Abstract ( 615 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (938KB) ( 500 )   Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that occurs preferentially in the upper aerodigestive tract. BSCC is more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis, although histologically, it shows many similarities to traditional squamous cell carcinoma and squamous atypia. Here we presented a case of BSCC arising in the gingiva of right maxilla, which is quite uncommon. Clinical, surgical and pathological findings in this case, including immunohistochemistry were presented along with brief review of literature. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2012010010382), International Cooperation Projects of Shenzhen Innovation Committee (ZYA 201106100080A), and Basic Research of Shenzhen Innovation Committee (JCY20130402114702120). References | Related Articles | Metrics